What is Political Zionism?

Political Zionism is a movement that emerged in the late 19th century advocating for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. The term is often associated with Theodor Herzl, who is considered one of the founding figures of the movement. Herzl and other early Zionists sought to address the widespread anti-Semitism in Europe by creating a sovereign Jewish homeland where Jews could exercise self-determination and live free from persecution.

Political Zionism is distinct from other forms of Zionism, such as cultural or religious Zionism, in its emphasis on the political and territorial aspects of Jewish statehood. It focuses on diplomatic and political efforts to establish and maintain a Jewish state, rather than purely cultural or religious goals. The movement played a significant role in the eventual establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.

Key elements of Political Zionism include the promotion of Jewish immigration to Palestine, the establishment of Jewish institutions and infrastructure, and the negotiation of international support for the Jewish state. The Balfour Declaration of 1917 and the subsequent League of Nations mandate were important milestones in this process, reflecting international recognition and support for the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.